MAGLAB: A computing platform connecting geophysical signatures to melting processes in Earth's mantle

Decompression melting of the upper mantle produces magmas and volcanism at Earth's surface. Experimental petrology demonstrates that presence CO2 H2O enhances peridotite anywhere within down to approximately 200–300 km depth. The melts with compositions ranging from carbonate-rich silicate-rich unavoidably affects geophysical signals retrieved mantle. Geochemical investigations erupted intraplate along surveys allow for constraining nature volume primary melts, a sound formalism is required integrate these diverse datasets into realistic model including processes. Here, we introduce MAGLAB, developed calculate composition fraction in mantle, together corresponding electrical conductivity partially molten peridotites pressure-temperature conditions volatile contents. We use MAGLAB show how relate variations lithosphere thickness. Progressive partial homogeneous peridotitic source can theory create diversity observed among spectrum magma types, kimberlite beneath thick continental shields, alkaline such as melilitite, nephelinite basanite thinner continents relatively old plus oceanic lithospheres, ‘regular’ basalts youngest thinnest lithospheres well significantly thinned lithospheres. calculations support recent experimental findings about role on producing kimberlitic addition CO2. demonstrate robustness by reproducing associated conductivities Society hotspot Pacific Ocean. A comparison our simulations magnetotelluric various settings shows heterogeneities are related content via small (generally <<1 wt%) heterogeneously distributed fractions CO2-H2O-bearing melts.